Building Services

PLUMBING INSTALLATION ( SANITARY SYSTEM )

Water supply is the process for 'water in', while plumbing installation is the process for ' water out '. Each process has their own system such as water supply in low rise building use direct and indirect system, meanwhile water supply in high rise building use booster system. So, for plumbing system ( sanitary system ) use sewer system. The progress of the sewer system is shown below:

SEWER

Pipe for carrying the sewage and liquid waste

SEWERAGE

Collect, treat and dispose

SEWERAGE

The thing that pass on chemical

SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM

Disposing of sewage by septic tank or mechanical treatment

There are 2 ways of plumbing installation:

Drainage Above Ground

Source: Google Images

Drainage Below Ground

Source: Google Images

Sanitary Fittings:

Cistern (Disc Type)

Source: Google Images

Water Closet

Source: Google Images

Urinal Bowl

Source: Google Images

Trap(to hold foul air)

Source: Google Images

Pipe Gradients

All above ground and below ground horizontal drainage pipes should be laid to an adequate gradient. Gradients from 1 in 40 to 1 in 110 will normally give adequate flow velocities. A gradient of 1 in 80 is suitable for commencing calculations for pipe schemes.

If the gradient is not steep enough, i.e. less than 1 in 110, then the pipe could block if the solids slow down and become stranded. The fall in a pipe may be defined as the vertical amount by which the pipe drops over a distance. The distance can be between sections of pipe or between manholes. The diagram below show pipe fall and distance.

GRADIENT = FALL / DISTANCE

For example is a 36 metre section of drainage pipe has a fall of 0.4 metres, calculate the gradient.

Gradient = 0.4 / 36

Gradient = 0.0111

This can be converted into a gradient written as a ratio or 1: some number.

Gradient = 1 / 0.0111 = 90

Gradient = 1 in 90